It is used in China, India, Pakistan, etc. However, scientific research has found that phytoremediation has limitation of long lasting and of low efficiency [ 28 , 29 ]. Therefore, there is an urgent need for long lasting and high efficiency processes for the treatment of hazardous wastes. The best practices in managing radioactive and hazardous waste include the following: Adopting alternative strategies e. Treatment with or without heat recovery. For instance, in Chile, used oil and spend solvents are used as raw materials for alternative fuels production [ 16 ].
Ensuring that other government departments and public bodies fulfill their roles and responsibilities identified in hazardous waste management. Prevention: engaging with priority sectors on hazardous waste prevention waste activities through cleaner technologies and better compliance with regulation. Devising future new policies on the management of hazardous waste by also taking into consideration the generation rates of these types of wastes and potential savings from recovery of these wastes [ 30 ].
This book chapter discusses hazardous waste management in developing countries, with emphasis on industrial hazardous waste, medical waste, and household hazardous waste. It identifies the current situation on hazardous waste management. In developing countries there is lack of information on the quantities of hazardous waste generated, lack of capacity and awareness; low incentives or penalties; lack of clear roles and responsibilities for stakeholders; limited infrastructure; and inadequate institutional framework.
Also, inadequate collection, treatment and disposal system; and the lackadaisical response by the government makes it difficult for the local authorities to identify targets to be achieved either annually or strategically on a long term basis for solid waste management.
Waste minimization through source reduction, reuse, and recycling has to be effectively implemented to decrease the amount of hazardous waste generated and disposed of. For this achievement, there is the need for a drastic reform of the current regulations in the developing countries. The environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes is becoming a major concern in developing countries due to the diversity of the waste stream and toxic material within it, as well as the negative environmental and public health impacts caused.
Hence, several practical recommendations are suggested which include the following: Creation of public awareness of the potential of recycling hazardous wastes. Monitoring and evaluation of hazardous wastes management systems as well a reporting programmes. Development of decision support for identifying appropriate technologies for treatment of hazardous wastes. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this book chapter.
Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3. Help us write another book on this subject and reach those readers. Login to your personal dashboard for more detailed statistics on your publications. Edited by Hosam Saleh. By Raymond H. Johnson, Bronwyn P. Grover and Hlanganani Tutu. We are IntechOpen, the world's leading publisher of Open Access books.
Built by scientists, for scientists. Our readership spans scientists, professors, researchers, librarians, and students, as well as business professionals. Downloaded: Abstract This book chapter discusses the management of hazardous waste in developing countries, with particular emphasis on industrial hazardous waste, medical waste, and household hazardous waste. Keywords hazardous waste developing countries recovery recycling disposal.
Introduction Wastes are classified as being hazardous when they display one or more radioactive or hazardous properties, including explosive, oxidizing, flammable, irritant, harmful, toxic, carcinogenic, as well as harmful effects on the environment and human health [ 1 ].
Table 1. Scientific, engineering and organizational challenges in developing countries. Industrial hazardous waste Industrial hazardous waste is defined as waste generated from industrial sectors and pose immediate danger to the environment and the public [ 17 ]. OECD b. OECD a. Sewage sludge management in Europe: a critical analysis of data quality. International Journal of Environment and Waste Management , 18 3 : — Blackman, W.
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Toxic Exports. Ithaka and London: Cornell University Press. Enwegbara, B. The Tech , 16 Official Journal C , European Union EU. Guidance document on the definition and classification of hazardous waste, draft version 8 June Waste Statistics. Eurostat Statistics explained. Grieves, F. Regional efforts at international environmental protection. International Lawyer , 12 2 : — Haq, G and Paul, A.
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Waste Treatment and Disposal. Simply defined, a hazardous waste is a waste with properties that make it dangerous or capable of having a harmful effect on human health or the environment. Hazardous waste is generated from many sources, ranging from industrial manufacturing process wastes to batteries and may come in many forms, including liquids, solids gases, and sludges.
EPA developed a regulatory definition and process that identifies specific substances known to be hazardous and provides objective criteria for including other materials in the regulated hazardous waste universe. This identification process can be very complex, so EPA encourages generators of wastes to approach the issue using the series of questions described below:.
Click on a step in the hazardous waste identification process for more information. In order for a material to be classified as a hazardous waste, it must first be a solid waste. Therefore, the first step in the hazardous waste identification process is determining if a material is a solid waste. The second step in this process examines whether or not the waste is specifically excluded from regulation as a solid or hazardous waste. Once a generator determines that their waste meets the definition of a solid waste, they investigate whether or not the waste is a listed or characteristic hazardous waste.
Select a question below to learn more about each step in the hazardous waste identification process. State regulatory requirements for generators may be more stringent than those in the federal program. Be sure to check your state's policies. In the mid-twentieth century, solid waste management issues rose to new heights of public concern in many areas of the United States because of increasing solid waste generation, shrinking disposal capacity, rising disposal costs, and public opposition to the siting of new disposal facilities.
Skip to content. If you produce, transport, or receive hazardous waste you must conform to the Hazardous Waste Regulations.
Hazardous wastes are those which are dangerous and difficult to handle. If your business produces hazardous waste you have a duty of care to make sure it is disposed of properly. The purpose of the Hazardous Waste Regulations Northern Ireland is to provide an effective system of control for these wastes and to make sure that they are soundly managed from their point of production to their final destination for disposal or recovery.
This is explained in the guidance leaflet Hazardous Waste Regulations and how they affect you.
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